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GUIDE BOOK 



City of Richmond 




CITY HALL 

Central Publishing Company, Inc., 

1536-1540 East Broad Street, 

Richmond, Va. 

1914 



Price 25c. 




M \M>|; AINSLIE 



City Guide 



COPYRIGHTED, 1014. 



Guide Book 



of the 



City of Richmond 

By 

LOUISE ELDONREK 
% 



CENTRAL PUBLISHING CO., Inc. 

1914 






jforetoorb 



^^^HIS Guide Book of Richmond is published to meet 
^fjy a present demand. A larger and more complete 
edition is contemplated. 

In using this Guide, first turn to the Contents and get 
your itinerary in mind. Decide what places you are going 
to see, and under this contents you will find what cars to 
take in order to save your time. 

Note also that Main Street divides the city into North 
and South, and that First Street divides it into East and 
West. Named streets are west of First, and numbered 
streets are east. 



OCT 10 1914 

S)CI.A379951 



Contents and Places of Interest. 

Page 

Associated Charities, 1402 E. Main Street — Reached by Main 

Street Car. 
Association for Preservation of Virginia Antiquities — Marshall 

Street, corner of Ninth — Peached by all cars on Broad Street . 
Armory, First Virginia Regiment — Corner Seventh and Marshall 

Streets — Reached by Clay Street and Broad Street cars. 
Armory, Howitzers, North Eighth Street — Reached by Clay 

Street cars. 
Armory, Richmond Blues, Corner Marshall and Sixth Streets — 

Pieached by Clay Street and Broad Street cars. 

Baptist Home for Aged Women — Corner Grove Avenue and Har- 
vey Street — Reached by Main Street cars 

Rattle Abbey, or Confederate Memorial Institute — on the Boule- 
vard between Stuart and Kensington Avenues — Reached by 
Main Street and Broad Street cars 

Battle Fields. For Descriptions, see - 48 

Bell Isle, South End of Fourth Street — Was famous as a Prison for 

Federal Soldiers. — Tredegar Iron Works 51 

Cemeteries 51 

Hollywood, between ( Iherry and Spring Streets — Reached 
by Laurel Street and Oakwood and Broad cars 51 

Oakwood, North and Oakwood Avenues — Reached by Oak- 
wood and Broad and Oakwood and Main Street cars "vi 

Hebrew Cemetery, adjoins City Aims-House — Fifth and Hos- 
pital Streets - 53 

St. John's, Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth andBroad Streets 
— Reached by Twenty-fifth and Broad, Broad and Main 
Street cars 33 



10 (HIDE BOOK 

Page 

Mount Calvary, Catholic, Smith and Randolph Streets 53 

Shockoe Hill, Hospital Street, between Second and Fourth 

Reached by Lakeside and Northside ears 53 

Nat ional. Williamsburg and ( rovernmenl Road 

National, Seven Pines— Clay Street cars and transfer 53 

( iapitol 21 

City Hall, Tenth and Broad Streets — Reached by Oakwood and 

Broad and Twenty-fifth Street and Laura! Street cars 29 

Confederate Soldiers' Home, Grove Avenue and Boulevard — 

Reached by Main Street and Broad and Main cars 31 

City Home and Hospital, Hospital Street, between Second and 

Fourth Streets -Reached by Lakeside and Highland Park 

cars 53 

Children's Home Society. 2605 Eas1 Franklin Street — Peached by 

Main Street cars 
( 'olonial Dames in the State of Virginia, 213 Past Franklin Street 

— Reached by Main Street cars. 
Confederate Memorial Literary Society. Confederate Museum, 

Corner Twefth and Clay Streets Reached by Broad and 

Twenty-fifth and ( lakwood and Broad cars 29 

Commonwealth Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. 
Confederate Museum White House of the Confederacy — Con- 
federate Literary Society— Reached by Broad and Twenty-fifth 

and (lakwood and Broad cars '_".) 

Confederate Memorial Institute — Battle Abbey -Reached by 

Main Street and Broad and Twenty-fifth cars 31 

Confederate Home for Women, 3 Past Grace Street Leached 

by all cars on Broad Street 

Colleges and Schools. 

Medical ( lollege of Virginia, corner Marshall and ( lollege, and ( 'lay 

and Twelfth Streets. 
Richmond Academy, 1401 North Lombardy Street. 
Richmond College, Westhampton. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 11 

Page 
Union Theological Seminary, Chamberlayne and Westwood 

Avenues — Ginter Park . 
Women's College, Tenth Street, corner Marshall. 
There are 26 White Public and (haded Schools, and 14 Colored. 
Clubs, Societies, Orders, Etc. 
Albemarle Club, 811 E. Franklin Street 
Art Club of Richmond, 52 W. Grace Street 
Business Men's Club, American National Bank Building. 
Commonwealth Club, 401 W. Franklin Street. 
Country Club of Virginia, Westhampton. 
Deep Run Hunting Club, Rio Vista. 
Elks' Home, Eleventh Street, corner Marshall. 
Henrico County Club, Thirty-fourth, near Oakwood Avenue. 
Hermitage Golf Club, Broad Street between Allison and Addison. 
Jefferson Club, 1801 West Grace Street. 
Richmond Yacht Club, Mouth of Falling Creek. 
Virginia Boat Club, House Mayo Island. 
Westhampton County Club, Westhampton. 
Westmoreland Club, 601 East Grace Street. 
Woman's Club, 711 East Franklin Street. 

Governor's Mansion — in the Capitol Square, East of the Capitol 

Building 2S 

George Wythe — Residence Site 41 

Henrico County Court House, Twenty-second and Main Streets 

— Reached by Main and Gary Street cars . 
Huguenot Society of Richmond, 811 East Grace Street — Reached 

by Broad and Main Street, and Laurel Street cars. 

Historic Homes and Buildings and Sites of Old Homes 39 

Davis, Jefferson — Confederate Museum 29 

Ege, Jacob — Washington's Headquarters 43 

Lee, Robert E. — Virginia Historical Society 41 

Libby Prison 44, 53 



12 GUIDE BOOK 

Page 
.Marshall. John — Society for the Preservation of Virginia 

Antiquities 42 

Maury, M. P., Commodore 39 

Masonic Temple, < >Ul 44 

Van Lew Eatste 43 

Hospitals, Asylums and Charitable Organizations. 

City Hospital, corner Eleventh and Clay Streets. 
Hygeia Hospital, 10] Wes1 Grace Street. 
Johnston-Willis Sanitorium, Sixth Street, corner Franklin. 
McGuire's Private Sanitarium, 100D West Grace Street. 
Memorial Hospital, corner Broad and Twelfth Streets. 

Retreat for the Sick, Twelfth Street, between Broad and Mar- 
shall Streets. 

Richmond Eye, Mar, Nose and Throat Infirmary, 217 Gov- 
enor Street. 

Richmond Tuberculosis Institute, 210 North Twenty-third St. 

St. Joseph's Academy and Orphan Asylum, 312 \. Fourth St, 

St, Luke's Hospital, LO00 West Grace Street. 

St. Paul's Church Home for Girls, 506 E. Leigh Street. 

Sheltering Arms Free Hospital -1008 East Clay Street 

Virginia Conference Orphanage— M. E. Church — Broad Street, 
near Belt Line Railway. 

Home for Incurables, Broad Street, corner Robinson. 

Virginia Home and Industrial School for Girls, 1 loo Past Frank- 
lin Street. 

Virginia Home for Infants, Kit) West Clay Street 

Richmond Male Orphan Asylum Amelia, between Allen and 
Meadow Streets. 

Richmond Home for Ladies Presbyterian and Methodist — 515 
North Seventh Streel 

Maternity Hospital, 416 Past Leigh Street 

Ladies' Hebrew Benevolenl Association, lo East Grace Street. 
Little Sisters of the Poor, 14 North llarvie Street. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 13 

Page 
Lee Camp Hall, Fifth and Broad Streets — Reached by all cars 

on Broad .Street. 

Manchester 51 

Marshall. John, First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the 

United States 42 

Masonic Home of Virginia — on Nine Mile Road, 2 miles from City. 
Marshall High School, Marshall Street, between Eighth and Ninth 

Streets — Reached by all cars on Broad Street. 
Monumental Church, Twelfth and Broad Streets — Reached by 

Oakwood and Broad, and Broad and 25th Street cars 35 

Marshal] Street Viaduct Beginning at Fourteenth Street going 

East 51 

Museum, ( lonfederate 30 

Museum. State Library 29 

Museum, Valentine 25 

Monuments. 

Lee, Stuart, and Davis, Monument Avenue — Reached by 
Main Street cars. 

Jefferson, Thomas, in Jefferson Hotel, block between Main and 
Fankhn, and Jefferson and First Streets. 

Hunter McGuire, Gov. Wm. Smith, Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jack- 
son, Henry Clay, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, and The "Washington 
Monument are in the Capitol Square 21 

A. P. Hill, Hermitage Road — Reached by Lakeside cars. 

Gen. Wickham and Joseph Bryan, near Franklin Street En- 
trance of Monroe Park. 

Richmond Howitzers, Harrison Street and Park Avenue — 
Reached by Clay Street cars. 

Soldiers and Sailors' Monument, on Libby Hill Park 46 

State Library, East End Capitol Grounds, South of Governor's 
Mansion 25 

St. Paul's Church, Ninth and Grace Streets — Reached by Laurel 
Street, Clay Street and all Broad Street cars 38 



14 GUIDE BOOK 

; ( 

St. John's Church, Broad and Twenty-fourth Streets Reached 

by Broad and Twenty-fifth . and Broad and Main Street cars. 33 
Sacred Heart Cathedral) Laurel Street and Park Avenue — Reached 

by Main Street and Laurel Street cars 38 

Sons of American Revolution, 707 East Franklin Street— Reached 
by Clay j Main, and Broad and Main Street cars. 

Valentine Museum, corner Eleventh and Clay Streets 30 

Valentine Studio, 807 East Leigh Street 30 

Washington Monument, Capitol Square 17 

Wythe, < reorge, 41 



City of Richmond 




ICHMOND is the Capital and chief city 
of Virginia in size and importance. Pop- 
ulation in 1914, 188,000, of which 105,000 
are white. Built on seven hills by the 
side of the James River, in Henrico 
County, 90 miles from the sea. Site was 
discovered in 1607 by Captain Newport 
and Captain John Smith, when visiting Chief Powhatan and 
his daughter Pocahontas. Founded in 1737 by Colonel 
William Byrd. Incorporated as a town in 1742 and as a 
city in 1782. Became the capital of Virginia in 1779, the 
seat of government being transferred from Williamsburg, 
owing to the presence of British troops in that vicinity. 
Famous as the chief city 
of the South in the rebel- 
lion against King George 
and as the capital of 
the Confederacy in the 
war of the States, 1861- 
1865. It was almost 
entirely destroyed 1 >y 
fire, when it was evacu- 
ated by the Confederate 
forces on April 3, 1865. 
Richmond has 49 
schools and colleges, of 
which 33 are for whites; 
170 churches, of which 
113 are for whites; 14 
hospitals, 17 hotels, 17 captain john smii 




10 



ClIDi: lionK 



parks and 4 daily newspapers, 28 clubs and a Chamber of 
( Jommerce. 

The principal business is tobacco, although flour and 
iron industries arc quite esxtensive. It makes more blot- 
ting paper than any other city in the world. 

Resides the capitol, designed by Thomas Jefferson and 
an imposing City Hall, the chief buildings that are of interest 
in the city are St. John's church where Patrick Henry de- 
livered his famous oration 
ending with the words: 
"give me liberty or give 
me death", the Confede- 
rate Museum, formerly the 
White House of the ( 'oll- 

federacy : S1 . Paul's church, 

which Lee and Jefferson 
Davis attended; the house 

occupied by General Lee 

during the war; the home 
of ( nief Justice John Mar- 
shall; the home of Edgar 
Allan Poe; the Jacob Ege 
home, \\ here Lafayette was 
a guest during his visit to 
the United States; the old- 
est Masonic temple in the country. Monumental church, 
built on the site of the famous theatre fire of 1S11 when 
Governor Smith of Virginia lost his life and 72 people were 
burned. 

In Hollywood cemetery are buried James Monroe and 
John Tyler, Presidents of thelnited States; John Randolph, 
Jefferson Davis, Winnie Davis, "the Daughter of the Con- 
federacy": Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, Gen. Pickett, (Jen. Peg-ram 




WILLIAM HVRD 



ere Lyctb the Body of ROBT. ROSE, 

I RECTOR or AHEMABLI PARIBH. 



His extraordinary Genius & Capacity, in all 
Le polite and useful Arts of Life, tho' equaled 
! a, were yet exceeded by the great goodnew 
is Heart. Humanity, Benevolence and 
ity ran through the whole course of hi* 
[Life, And was exeited with uncommon pene- 
I '.ration and judgment upon their proper object, 
'without Noise or Ostentation. In his Friend- 
ship he was warm & steady ; in his Manners 
, gentle & easy ; in his conversation entertain- 
' ing & instructive. With the most tender piety he 
discharged all tbedomestik Duties of Husband, 
Father, Son & Brother. Jn short, hewas a friend 
to the whole human Race, and upon that princi- 
ple a strenuous Assertor and Defender of Liberty. 
He died the 30th day of June, 1751, in the 
47th year of hiB age. 



> Wrom St. John's Cenattery. Richmond, Va. 

Vlt-PMIIO 'ImiFVieNIA. ****** 



16 CI'IDE BOOK 

parks and 4 daily newspapers, 28 clubs and a Chamber of 
( lommerce. 

The principal business is tobacco, although flour and 
iron industries are quite esxtensive. It makes more blot- 
ting paper than any other city in the world. 

Besides the capitol, designed by Thomas Jefferson and 
an imposing City Hall, the chief buildings that are of interest 
in the city are St. John's church where Patrick Henry de- 
livered his famous oration 









^ '~m 




i 






HI 





WILLIAM I'.YKI 

est Masonic temple ii 
built on the site of 
Governor Smith of V 

burned. 

In Hollywood ci 
John Tyler, President: 
Jefferson Davis, Win] 
federacy"; Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, Gen. Pickett, Gen. fegram 



CITY OF RICHMOND 17 

Fitzhugh Lee, Commodore Maury, and other men and wo- 
men scarcely less renowned in the history of Virginia. 

In Shockoe cemetery is buried John Marshall, the first 
chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

In Oakwood cemetery lie 16,000 Confederate soldiers. 

For National and other cemeteries, see special para- 
graphs. 

Richmond is a city of monuments and statues. 

Monuments in Richmond include a lofty shaft and figure 
in memory of the soldiers who fell in the war of the States; 
a magnificent monument to Jefferson Davis; a Washington 
monument; a monument to the Confederate dead in Holly- 
wood cemetery; equestrian statues of Gen. Robert E. Lee 
and Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, and statues to Gen. A. P. Hill, 
Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson, former Governor Smith, 
Henry Clay, Dr. Hunter McGuire, Gen. Wickham, the 
Richmond Howitzers and other famous men. 

The Washington monument, in the capital grounds, is 
surrounded by six bronze statues, namely: one each of 
Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, John Marshall, George 
Mason, Gen. Andrew Lewis, and Thomas Nelson. 

An old Richmond landmark, the famous Libby prison, 
is now only a memory. An ice plant stands on the site. The 
old building, a tobacco warehouse, was removed to Chicago 
for exhibition at the World's Fair of 1892. Likewise, the 
Van Lew home, famous in the secret Federal service is sup- 
planted by a modern school building. 

Bell Isle in the James River is also famous as a prison 
for Federal soldiers. A large iron plant occupies the greater 
portion of the island. 

The battlefield of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks is just be- 
yond the city limits on the Williamsburg road. A national 
burying ground is on the battlefield. 



18 GUIDK BOOK 



Seeing Richmond 



SO SEE Richmond you first go to the capitol, which 
is in the heart of the city, bounded by Ninth, Capitol, 
Governor and Bank streets, between Broad and 
Main streets. The original building was designed 
by Thomas Jefferson. He was minister to France at the 
time and became much impressed with the simplicity of 
the Greek style of architecture. It appealed to his Dem- 
ocratic simplicity. He draughted a plain Grecian structure 
the foundation for which was laid in 1785 and which was 
completed in 1792. Later on, more room being needed, 
a pair of wings were clapped on to it. r l 'his was in 1902. 

The Virginia Legislature or General Assembly meets 
every two years. The Senate sits in the West wing of the 
capitol, the lower house of Delegates in the East wing. In 
the rotunda is the famous Houdon statue of Washington, 
which Washington saw and approved eight years before 
his death. Near by is a bust of LaFayctte and bronze 
medallion of Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, Captain John Smith, 
John Marshall, and Fitzhugh Lee. An old stove, three 
stories high, built in 1770 may be seen here. 

In the Governor's apartments is a large oil painting of 
the first battle between ironclads, the Monitor and the 
Merrimac or Virginia, in Hampton Roads, March 9, 1862. 

During the war between the states, the Confederate 
Congress by courtesy of the State authorities held its ses- 
sions in the building. In the basement floor is the State 



CITY OF RICHMOND 19 

Land offices, containing records of grants and patents 
dating back to 1620. 

Passing through the halls of the first floor, beginning at 
East end, may be seen a portrait of Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone, 
M. P., and in one frame the old church at Smithfield, Va., 
a silhouette of Bishop Richard Channing Moore, picture of 
Joseph Cabbell associated with Jefferson in founding the 
University and Conway Robinson, jurist and author. 
Also a picture of Lord Bouttetout, governor of Virginia from 
1770-73; Queen Elizabeth from an old print, 1626. A pict- 
ure of Richard Henry Lee, signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. Lord Howard (Baron Effingham) governor of 
Virginia, 1686-'88. Silhouette of Chief Justice Marshall; 
James Johnson, governor of Virginia, 1851-'56; William 
Smith, governor of Virginia, 1846-'49, 1864-'65; William 
Giles, governor of Virginia, 1827-'30; John McDowell, gov- 
ernor of Virginia, 1843-'46; David Cambell, governor of 
Virginia, 1837-'40. Patrick Henry, Thomas Nelson, Jr., 
governor of Virginia 1781, signer of Declaration of Independ- 
ence and general in the Revolution. Thomas W. Gilmer, 
governor of Virginia, 1840-'41; John Tyler, governor of Vir- 
ginia. John R. Thompson, poet and author. George Perry, 
treasurer and acting governor, 16O9-'10; James Monroe, 
governor, 1811, and President of the United States. Lord 
Dunmore, the last royal governor of Virginia. John Letcher, 
governor, 1860-'64. Littleton Tazwell, governor, 1834-'36. 
John P. Preston, governor, 1816-'19. James Barbour, 
governor, 1812-'14; Thomas West (Lord De LaWarr), gov- 
ernor, 1810-'ll. John Smith "Father of Virginia," acting 
governor of Colony 1608-'09. The Indian Princess Poca- 
hontas. Edmund Pendleton, jurist and patriot. 

Sixty-five persons were killed in the Capitol April 27, 
1870, by the floor over the House of Delegates giving way. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 21 

It was during a discussion of carpet bag methods and a great 
crowd had assembled, rilling the galleries. Under the unus- 
ual weight the floor gave way, falling into the hall below 
and burying scores under the timbers. Besides those killed 
many were severely wounded. 

CAPITOL SQUARE. 

Occupying twelve acres in the center of the City is the 
Capitol Square, where under Lee and Jackson many of the 
Confederate soldiers were mustered into service during the 
the Civil War. The Capitol grounds are adorned by Craw- 
ford's equestrian statue of George Washington; the corner 
stone of the monument was laid in February, 1850, and it 
was dedicated in 1858. It is 60 feet in height, and cost 
$260,000. 

To the East of the Capitol is the State Library build- 
ing, and close by, the Governor's Mansion. Near at hand 
is the City Hall, modern, imposing, yet not above displaying 
a town clock in its tower. 

In the Capitol grounds are a monument, two statues, a 
weather bureau kiosk and an old bell house. The monu- 
ment is the one already mentioned in honor of Washington, 
surrounded by six bronze statues, namely: one each of 
Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, John Marshall, George 
Mason, Gen. Andrew Lewis and Thomas Nelson. 

The equestrian statue that surmounts the base and towers 
above the six bronze figures that surround it, is effective 
if not regarded too critically. Critics have pointed to the 
rocking-horse attitude of the steed and the blithesome wave 
of the rider's arm, but the general public find the monument 
imposing. The figures around the base are heroes, every- 



22 GUIDE BOOK 

one, as their attitudes imply. One is of ( ten. Andrew Lewis, 
a tough old soldier of Revolutionary days, who fought in- 
dians, British and Congressional cabals with equal courage. 

Washington was his friend, but Congress did not always 
advance the freinds of the general-in-chief. Being recom- 
mended for major-generalship the best Lewis received was 
a brigadier. He died while chasing the royal governor, 
Lord Dunmore, out of Virginia, in 1777, his death oc- 
curring near Roanoke. 

Two others, representing George Mason and Thomas 
Nelson, are as little known to the general public as Gen. 
Andrew Lewis. George Mason was a real, an ideal Demo- 
crat. He wrote a bill of rights for Virginia which set aside 
the authority of the established church. He helped frame 
the constitution, but wanted only one term of seven years 
for the president. He was a champion of the people, though 
by heredity a supporter of royalty, for his grandsire fought 
for King Charles against the Commons and fled Worcester 
field to America. A great, burly man was George Mason, 
swart yet ruddy of face; an old-fashioned country squire in 
appearance, but a statesman far ahead of his time, which was 
in the days that Thomas Paine declared tried men's souls. 

Thomas Nelson was another of the neglected heroes. 
He impoverished a great estate and borrowed on his own 
credit, when that of the Continental Congress was worthless, 
enough money to raise $2,000,000 for his country. He was 
never repaid. Continental Governor of Virginia and a sol- 
dier besides, he directed the lire of his cannon at the seige of 
Yorktown against his own home, supposed to be the head- 
quarters of Cornwallis. It was battered down. U'ashing- 
ton in general orders praised his zeal, but the government 
forgot this patriot. 

Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, and John Marshall 



CITY OF RICHMOND 23 

complete this group that surround the statue of Washing- 
ton. The figures, according to the designer, are allegorical. 

Randolph Rogers describes the figures and what they 
represent in these words: 

First, Revolution, Patrick Henry: Represented with a 
sword in her right hand pointing with her left to crown 
which is crushed under her foot. 

Second, Independence, Jefferson: Her eyes arc turned 
toward heaven. In her right hand she grasps a portion of 
the chain which she has burst asunder and with her left foot 
she casts a portion of it at her feet. 

Third, Justice, Marshall : In her left hand she holds the 
bar of the scales which are resting on her lap and in her right 
hand a sword. 

Fourth, Finance, Nelson: Her left hand is resting on a 
book and with her right hand she holds a cornucopia from 
which corn is flowing. 

Fifth, Bill of Rights, Mason: Her left hand is resting 
on a scroll supposed to be the bill of rights. She leans for- 
ward with a drawn sword, resting on that document as if 
to defend it. 

Sixth, Colonial Campaigns, Lewis: In one hand she holds 
the palm of victory. Under her feet are Indian aims — 
arrows, bows, &c. In her right hand she holds the axe and 
her head is decked with sheaves of wheat, symbolic of the 
peaceful settlement of the country and its agriculture. 

A narrow spiral stairway ascends within the statue 
opening directly beneath the horse on which Washington 
is seated. A person may stand upright beneath the horse. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 25 



STATE LIBRARY. 

The State Library contains about 80,000 volumes. 
Many of the books are of great value, not to be found in 
any other collection. At the entrance of the building is 
a painting of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, and a pict- 
ure of Edmund Ruffin, who fired the first gun. Old charts 
and maps of every description and old newspapers are to be 
found here. One bearing the date July 26, 1776, contains 
the complete Declaration of Independence. 

One of the interesting dockets in the library is Nathaniel 
Bacon's signature to a note of 500 pounds, dated October 27, 
1672. It is said to be the only signature of the "First 
Virginia Rebel" known in existence. 

Exhibited on the Library walls are proclamations signed 
by King James I. forbidding anyone, under the penalty of 
the law, to raise, keep, sell, or in any way have anything to 
do with tobacco. 

An address of the Burgesses to Gov. Spottswood signed 
by the speaker, Peter Randolph, dated November 9, 1710. 

There is also the marriage contract between Jefferson and 
Martha Shelton, signed by T. Jefferson and Frances Epps. 
There are many other documents and letters of value and 
interest. 

Autograph letters of Washington, Lee, LaFayette and 
other famous men are to be found here. Among the histor- 
ical papers is the parole of Lord Cornwallis, after the surren- 
der of Yorktown, and the marriage bond of Thomas Jeffer- 
son, the bail bond of Jefferson Davis, and the last letter of 
Stonewall Jackson to General Lee. 



26 GUIDE BOOK 

The model from which the capitol was designed is in the 
library building with other relics, some of which go back to 
the days of the settlement at Jamestown and bring up mem- 
ories of ( iaptain John Smith, Pocahontas, John Rolfe, Cap- 
tain Newport and old Col. Byrd, the founder of the City. 

Among the portraits in the library is that of the Indian 
Princess Pocahontas, daughter of Powhatan, who saved 
the life of Captain John Smith. The picture is a copy of 
one painted from life while Pocahontas was in England. The 
original hangs in Barton Rectory, Norfolk, England, and 
was painted in 1610. William Shepard was deputed to make 
a copy for the State of Virginia, and the result may be seen 
in the library. 

In this gallery may be seen the portraits of Martha 
Washington, Lady Spottswood, Mary Randolph, a descend- 
ant of Pocahontas, George Rogers Clarke, James Madison, 
Washington, Count Rochambeau, John Randolph, George 
Mason, Richard Henry Lee, George W. Munford, Henry 
Clay, Robert E. Lee, Gen. George E. Pickett, Gen. Thomas 
J. (Stonewall) Jackson, Commodore Matthew F. Maury, 
John Taylor, William H. Cabell, Gov. Spencer Roane, Peter 
Francisco, Rev. John Buchanan, William S. Archer, Rev. 
John A. Broadus, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart. Christopher Colum- 
bus, John Y. Mason, John Goode, Governor Nichols, Ed- 
mund P. Pendleton, John Marshall, Matthew W. Maury, 
Gen. Elliott, Capt. Meriwether Lewis, and Lucy Meriwether, 
wife of William Lewis, and mother of Meriwether Lewis 
of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Gen. A. P. Hill, 
W. II. (Tippecanoe) Harrison, James Jones, J. D. Blair, 
John R. Thompson. 

In the upper gallery are portraits of Capt. John Smith, 
Lord Delaware, Lord Percy, George Culpepper, Lord How- 
ard, Lord Spottswood or Spottiswood, John Robinson, 



CITY OF RICHMOND 27 

Thomas Lee, Lord William Nelson, Lord Dunmore, Patrick 
Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Nelson, Edmund Ran- 
dolph, Robert Brooke, Harry (Lighthorse Harry) Lee, 
James Monroe, John Page, John Tyler, Sr., Hoge Tyler, 
Gov. George W. Smith, Gov. James Barbour, Gov. William 
Smith, Gov. John B. Floyd, Gov. Joseph Johnston, Gov. 
James McDowell, Gov. Henry A. Wise, Gov. John Ruther- 
ford, Gov. John Letcher, J. W. Patton, Thomas W. Gilmer, 
Gov. Gilbert C. Walker, Gov. David Campbell, Gov. 
Wyndham Robertson, Gov. L. W. Tazwell, Gov. John 
Floyd, Gov. James L. Kemper, Gov. Fred. W. M. Holliday, 
Gov. W. E. Cameron, Gov. Fitzhugh Lee, William B. Giles, 
William H. Roane, President John Tyler, Gov. Charles 
T. O'Ferrall, Gov. Phillip W. McKinney, William Cabell 
Rives, James P. Preston. 

On the stairway landing of the third floor are to be seen 
two large portraits — one of William Southerlin, the other of 
William Clairborne, first Secretary of State, 1625-'60. 
Busts of Daniel Webster, Fitz h u g h Lee, LaFayette , Gen. 
J. E. B. Stuart, and John Marshall are noteworthy. 

In the department of archives and history under the 
division of bibliography is the Roll of Battle Abbey, A. 0. 
1066, beneath which is the following inscription: "With ye 
shields of ye principal Knights in ye Battle of Hastings." 
There is also to be seen an oil portrait of Gen. Sam Hous- 
ton, presented to the State of Virginia by the Senate of 
Texas on 23rd of August, 1911. Many other interesting 
things are to be seen. 

In the basement is a museum of natural history as well 
as relics, including the flag of the Confederacy flown from 
the capitol in the days of the war; Patrick Henry's 
cane; the cup of Lord Cornwallis, taken at Yorktown; 
a revolutionary flag, the pike of John Brown, Peter Fran- 



28 GUIDE BOOK 

Cisco's sword — Francisco was a giant of a man who performed 
many wonderful feats of arms in the war of the revolution; 
he was buried in Shockoe cemetery — the seal of the Confed- 
eracy and relics from the battlefields around Richmond. 

Interesting exhibits of Mineral Resources in Virginia 
along the C. A: 0. Ry.; quarry products of Virginia, granite, 
marble, onyx and sandstone, iron, coal and coak. Norfolk 
& Western coal exhibit, bricks from clay soil in Virginia. 
Covington, W. Va. Paper and Pulp exhibit. A forge dona- 
ted by ('apt. W. V. B. Tilson, Chatham Hill, Va., used in a 
forge established by his grandfather in 1730, one of the first 
in existence. Woods of many kinds, and mounted birds. 
The before-the-war relics add much interest to this de- 
partment. 

The display of mineral and other resources here are of 
special interest to those who are attracted by the products 
of nature. This department has been recently opened to 

the public. 

Recently the Connecticut Valley Historical Society of 
Springfield, Mass., presented to the Virginia State Library 
at Richmond a very handsome volume of photographs of 

the scenes and locations and personages incident to the visit 
and reception of the camp in July, 1910. 



The Governor's Mansion. 

Close to the State Library is the Governor's mansion. 
The first building, a two-story frame structure, was erected 
in 1790, when Thomas Jefferson was governor. The present 
mansion has a history. In 1860 the Prince of Wales, 
afterward King Edward VII. of Great Britain was enter- 



CITY OF RICHMOND 29 

tained by Governor Letcher. President and Mrs. Hayes, 
President Cleveland, President McKinley, President Rose- 
velt, and President Taft have been guests in the mansion of 
the governors of Virginia. 

City Hall. 

Richmond's City Hall is decidedly modern from an 
architectural point of view. It is built of Virginia granite 
and cost $1,500,000. The tower is 180 feet high. Perhaps 
the most interesting feature of the City Hall is the famous 
Police Court, presided over for years by the celebrated 
Justice Crutchfield, sometimes called Justice John or the 
Cadi. His original methods of dispensing justice have given 
him a national reputation. In this building are the City of- 
fices, courts, records, and departments of city government. 
Recently the City has adopted a modified form of Commsi- 
sion Form of government. 

Confederate Museum. 

(East Clay Street, corner Twelfth.) 

Almost within a block of Monumental Church is the 
Confederate Museum, once the White House of the Confed- 
eracy where Jefferson Davis lived through most of the days 
of the bitter war and where his daughter Winnie, "the 
Daughter of the Confederacy" was born. It was from the 
East balcony of this building that Joe, the little son of the 
President of the Confederate States, fell and was killed. 
It was purchased by the City of Richmond and offered 
as a gift to Jefferson Davis for his residence when he came 
to Richmond as President of the Confederacy. Mr. Davis 



30 GUIDE BOO Ik 

declined to accept it as a gift, but rented and lived in it 
until the evacuation of Richmond. 

After the war the building was turned into a public 
school, but it deteriorated so rapidly that the patriotic citizens 
determined to restore it and turn it into a memorial building 
and museum. A room is set apart in the building for each 
state in the Confederacy and thus each state is represented 
by relics that commemorate the deeds done by its sons and 
daughters during the war. In the court-yard of the museum 
is an anchor chain from the Cumberland sloop-of-war sunk 
by the Merrimac, or Virginia, and propeller shaft of the 
Virginia. 

Open from !> o'clock a. m. to 5 p. m., and on Satur- 
days, free, from 9 a. m. to 3 p. in. 

Valentine Museum and Studio. 

The Valentine Museum on East Clay and Tenth Streets, 
an elegant old residence, comprises a collection of casts, paint- 
ings, prints, books dating from 1474, and works of colonial 
and revolutionary times. It contains the original cast of 
the recumbent statue of General Lee at Lexington, Virginia. 
Its distinctive feature is its ensemble of American-Indian 
Archaeology — burial mounds and other works second only 
to the Smithsonian Institute. 

The building was erected in 1812. The interior of the 
house impresses one with its magnificent Florentine marble 
mantels, spiral stairways, solid mahogany doors, the carv- 
ing of the balustrades, handsome mirrors, etc. 

On the upper floor are hung clubs and spears from the 
Solomon Islands in the Pacific. Pipes and pieces of pottery 
from the hands of Indians may be seen. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 31 

The department of sculpture is in the basement; on the 
same floor where a whole room is devoted to it is the re- 
cumbent figure of R. E. Lee. 

The Studio of E. V. Valentine, the eminent sculptor is 
at 807 Leigh Street, a short distance from the museum. 

Battle Abbey. 

The Battle Abbey also known as the Confederate Me- 
morial Institute is on the property of the Soldiers' Home 
situated on the Boulevard between Stuart and Kensington 
Avenues. The grounds consist of five and one-half acres 
of land. The building is striking in appearance and attracts 
attention from the peculiarity of its architecture. It is 
built of sandstone, is short and wide, has no windows except 
one on each side of the door. There are four sandstone pilars 
at the entrance, and the doors are made of bronze. The 
building cost $115,000. In it will be kept war relics. It 
will also have a library in which will be found histories of the 
South. 

To Charles Broadus Rouss is given the credit of first 
conceiving the idea of this building and he has given $100,000 
to help maintain it. 

The Confederate Soldiers Home. 

On the Boulevard between Stuart and Grove Avenues. 
The veterans are all dressed in gray and each has a" Cross of 
Honor." There is a long pavillion with a porch on each side. 
In this paviloin some of the veterans sleep, others sleep in 
the cottages. There is a hospital there and doctors and nurses 
to wait on the sick. There is also a hall for amusements, 
called the Randolph Hall. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 33 

Many interesting relics can be seen here, on e of the most 
interesting is "Old Sorrell," "Stonewall" Jackson's horse, 
which was stuffed and has been given a place in a glass case. 
The horse was 36 years old when he died. Jackson was 
killed while on "Old Sorrell." A number of cannons are on 
the place, one was that which was used at the 'Defence of 
Fort Sumter." 

Confederate flags wave over the place. 

St. John's Church. 

{East Broad, Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Streets.) 

St. John's Church was built under the supervision of Rich- 
ard Randolph, of Curies Neck, the land was donated by 
Win. Byrd and the church was opened for worship June 16, 
1741. It is said that Randolph was paid 347 pounds, 10 
shillings for the building of the church. In 1749, Rev. 
Win. Stith, the first pastor, asked help of George II. and 
received in response a surplice, a pulpit, a Bible, a prayer 
book, some cushions and a cloth for the reading desk. 

In the cemetery surrounding St. John's church sleep 
many of the old settlers of Virginia, but what makes this 
humble little edifice famous is the fact that here Patrick 
Henry inspired the delegates with words that awakened the 
world: "Give me liberty or give me death." The delegates 
had gathered in the little church to discuss whether they 
should treat with King George, arbitrate, or fight for their 
rights. George Mason was there, preaching radicalism that 
must have won the heart of that parlor-anarchist, Thomas 
Jefferson, and caused John Marshall, conservative on ques- 
tions of rights of property, to view him with alarm. George 
Washington, tall and dignified, walked about th J grave- 



34 



GUIDE BOOK 



yard, a1 times conversing with Thomas Nelson, or his old 
companion in arms, Andrew Lewis. They had fought the 
French a1 Fori .Necessity, had been captured and released 
together. They had rallied the Virginia riflemen in the 
terrible defeat of Braddock and saved the remnant of his 
army from destruction. They had fought for the king 
and now they were waiting for the word to fight against 




ST. .lolIN S CHURCH 



him. Edmund Randolph, that stern patriot, was of the 
company, yet when the news of the meeting of these 
men went abroad it was the figure of Patrick Henry that 
dominated the scene in St. John's church; Patrick Henry, 
the little lawyer from Louisa county, the actor, the dramatic 
pleader at the bar of just ice. 

There are many ancient tombstones. Among the graves 
is that of Elizabeth Arnold Poe, mother of Edgar Allen Poe. 
There is a plan started to raise money to erect a monument 
in her memory. 

In the little old church now may he seen a bronze tablet 



CITY OF RICHMOND 35 

placed near the pew from which Patrick Henry arose to make 
his immortal speech. It was placed there in 1911. Virginia 
had waited more than 100 years to do honor to that speech 
of her immortal son. 



Monumental Church. 

(East Broad, between Twelfth and Fourteenth Streets.) 

Monumental Episcopal Church is built on the site of 
Richmond's first theatre, which gave the name of Theatre 
Square to the locality. The first playhouse was built in 
1786, the building being destroyed by fire in 1802. A second 
theatre was erected only to be burned December 26, 1811, 
when seventy-two persons, including Governor William 
Smith, lost their lives. The play was "A Bleeding Nun" 
and the audience numbered 643. Oil lamps not only lighted 
the theatre, but were used in the scenery of the play. In 
setting one scene a large chandelier had to be utilized and 
in putting this in place a jerk of a cord sent a lamp against 
the flimsy structure. There was only one narrow exit, 
and in the mad rush many lives were lost. The strong- 
est as well as the weakest, neither one had little chance, 
although more than one heroic deed is recorded. Lieu- 
tenant Gibbon of the United States Navy was seated in 
a box with John Lynch and Mrs. Lynch, Mrs. Joseph 
Gallegro, Mrs. Taylor Braxton, former United States Sen- 
ator Venable, Mrs. Gibbon, the mother of the naval officer 
and Miss Sallie Conyers. Lieutenant Gibbon and Miss 
Conyers were supposed to to be engaged. He was heard 
to say: "Lynch, leave Sallie to me. She is light and I am 
strong enough to carry her. You save some one else." 
They were overcome by the smoke and died in each other's 



36 



GUIDE BOOK 



arms. Mr. Lynch *-AXvd Mrs. Gibbon but all the rest of 
the party perished. It is said that Governor Smith made 
his way outside but returned to the burning building in an 
endeavor to save his small son. The disaster sent the city 
into mourning. The City Council appointed a committee 
to collect the remains of the victims and to deposit their 
ashes in an urn for burial. The stores were closed for-eight 
hours. The council also forbade any theatrical perfor- 





'^l i 




W : - ■ ." \ ' '■'..•■'. 





MONUMENTAL CHURCH 

mance for four months under penalty of $6.66 per hour. 
A mass meeting was held at the Capitol, the Mayor presid- 
ing. A committee was appointed to obtain by a house to 
house canvass the names of the victims. January 1st was 
set apart as a day of fasting and humiliation. Sermons 
were preached by Rev. John Buchanan of the Episcopal 
church and Rev. John Blair of the Presbyterian church. 
All citizens wore crepe for a month. Judge John Mar- 
shall was made chairman of a committee to decide upon 
a memorial. Part of the site was turned into a mammoth 
tomb in which the remains of all the victims were buried 



CITY OF RICHMOND 



37 



and over it was raised a shaft on which the names of the dead 
were inscribed. As a memorial Monumental Church was 
erected from a fund subscribed by the citizens aided by 
an appropriation from the city government. 

Governor Smith had only held office thirty-one days 
when he met his death. Ho had succeeded Governor James 
Monroe who had accepted the office of Secretary of State 
under President Madison. 

Among the regular worshippers in this church were 
Benjamin Watkins Leigh, one of Virginia's foremost jurists; 
William Wirt, who aided in the prosecution of Aaron Burr; 
George Hay, son-in-law of .lames Monroe and John Marshall, 
the great chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
States. LaFayette Watt owned and occupied a pew in 
this church although it is said that he sat in the Marshall 
pew. Gen. Leonidas Polk, bishop and soldier was once 
assistant rector of Monumental church. 




ST. PAl'L S CHURCH 



38 GUIDE HOOK 

St. Paul's Church. 

(East Grace and Ninth Streets.) 

Just West of the ( )apitol is St. Paul's Church where Pres- 
ident Davis and General Lee worshipped during the war. 
It was while the President of the Confederacy was in this 
church that he received the telegram from General Lee in 
Petersburg telling him that Richmond must be evacuated. 
The pews of President Davis and General Lee are marked 
and on the west wall is a bronze tablet in memory of Winnie 
Davis whose funeral was held from St. Paul's church. 
Just recently this church has been handsomely decorated. 

Sacred Heart Cathedral. 

(Laurel Street and Floyd Ave., facing Monroe Park.) 

Sacred Heart Cathedral is a monument to the gener- 
osity of Mrs. Thomas Fortune Ryan, wife of the famous 
financier. The Cathedral while not as large nor yet perhaps 
as magnificent as some of the more famous ones, is one 
of the most beautiful in America. The interior decorations 
are especially elaborate, the color scheme brilliant yet har- 
monious being extremely effective. Mural work occupies 
conspicuous part and a series of pictures representing 
the stations. of the cross are masterpieces. The corner stone 
of the Cathedra] was laid in 1903. It was finished in 1910. 
The cost of the building is placed a1 $500,000. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 



39 



HISTORIC HOUSES AND BUILDINGS. 

Besides the Jefferson Davis mansion, now the Confed- 
erate museum, the chief houses of historic interest still 
standing are those of Robert E. Lee, John Marshall, Com- 
modore Maury, Edgar Allan Poe, Jacob Ege, and the 
Masonic temple. 



Maury Residence. 

The Maury residence, 1105 E. Clay Street, is the house 
in which Commodore Maury resided during the early part 
of the war. The following inscription marks the house: 
"In this house Matthew Fontaine Maury, LL. D., U. S. N. f 
C. S. A., invented the submarine electrical torpedo, 1861-1862. 
This stone is placed by the Confederate Memorial Literary 
Society, A. D.. 1910." 

Many students will 
remember his great book, 
"The Physical Geogra- 
phy of the Sea," which 
was published in 1855. 
Maury was the first to 
propose the Weather Bu- 
reau, and founded the 
Observatory at Washing- 
ton. 

He Avon the rank of 
Commodore in the Con- 
federate service. In 
1868, he accepted the 
chair of Physics in the maury residence 





HOME OF GENERAL LEE 



CITY OF RICHMOND 41 

Virginia Military Institute, at Lexington. He died on 
February 1, 1873. At the request of his wife he was laid to 
rest in Hollywood, but not until after his body was kept at 
Lexington until the mountain ivy and rhododendrum were 
in full bloom in Goshen Pass through which he wanted his 
body to be carried and some of the flowers placed on his 
coffin. 

Home of R. E. Lee. 

The home of Robert E. Lee is in East Franklin Street 
between Seventh and Eighth Streets. It is a three story brick 
affair and quite modern in appearance. The Virginia His- 
torical Society has its home and library in this building and 
a priceless collection of rare books and manuscripts and 
valuable collection of portraits. 

Home of George Wythe. 

"Site of the Home of George Wythe signer of the Declara- 
tion of Independence." Near the corner of Fifth and Grace 
Streets on south side of Grace, the above tablet was placed 
by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiqui- 
ties, 1887. 

Early Home of Poe. 

The early home of Edgar Allan Poe was on the corner 
of Fifth and Main Streets. It is also said that the poet 
lived at another time on Church Hill. On the corner of 
Main and Fifteenth Streets, Poe had his office and print- 
ing establishment where he published "The Southern Lit- 
erary Messenger." The building still stands. 



42 



ormi. book 



John Marshall Home. 

The home of Chief .Justice John Marshall stands on a 
green at the corner of Ninth and East Marshall Streets with 
the large high school named in honor of the great Virginia 
jurist, as a background. The house, a two story dwell- 
ing, was given, on July 20, 1911, by the council of the City of 
Richmond to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia 









| 


Y 






El 


M 














mffl^^H 


^Wl' 4»i 


-"» ' V 




Mm 








1 P Ml 










... 



.ii Hl\ \l \i;sil Al.I. HOME 



Antiquities. It was repaired and opened by the Associa- 
tion in l ( .»b!. There are a great many interesting relics 
stored in the house, among which are John Marshall's knee 
buckles, his tortoise -hell spectacles, his black satin robe of 
office ;is Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the U. S. 
A photograph of the "Liberty Bell" which \v:is cracked while 
being tolled for his funeral. A candlestick which held the 
candles which were used while he read to his invalid wife. 
The Chief Justice lived here from 179") to 1835. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 



43 



Jacob Ege Home. 

The Jacob Ege home is a stone structure in Main Street 
near Nineteenth. An old low fronted stone building with 
a steep roof from which gable windows slant out. A sign 
board declares that it was once the headquarters of 
Washington, but according to local tradition, it was more 




WASHINGTON S REPUTED HEADQUARTERS 

correctly the headquarters of LaFayette during his stay in 
Richmond, and Washington may have visited him here. 
James Monroe when President was entertained in the old 
Ege home. Both the President and General LaFayette were 
personal friends of the old German who came to America 
in the early part of the eighteenth century. and built his 
home after the style of the then fatherland in Main Street. 



Van Lew Home. 

The Van Lew home, which formerly stood in Grace 
Street near the corner of Twenty-fourth, was the headquar- 
ters of the Federal secret service in Richmond. Miss Van 



44 GUIDE BOOK 

Lew, an eccentric little old lady, while visiting the sick and 
wounded soldiers in the military hospitals naturally became 
friendly with the officers. She picked up valuable informa- 
tion which she forwarded to the Federal government in 
Washington by trusted servants and agents between the lines 
of the armies. More than one Federal prisoner who had 
tunneled out of Libby prison made his way to the Van hew 
home and was hidden there until a chance was found to 
smuggle him out of the city. Although suspected several 
times it was not known until after the war and the death 
of Miss Van Lew that she had been in correspondence with 
the Federal government and even with President Lincoln 
himself. She was the most trusted Federal agent in the 
Confederate Capitol. 

She was made Post Master of Richmond by General 
( irant as a reward for her services, and served as such during 
the eight years of General Grant's administration as Presi- 
dent. This home is now supplanted by a modern school 
building. 

Oldest Masonic Temple. 

The oldest Masonic Temple in the United States may 
be seen in Franklin Street, near Nineteenth. The founda- 
tion was laid in I7s"). General LaFayette was conspic- 
uous in Richmond during the early history of the nation. 
He was given a reception in the temple. LaFayette is said 
to have been a notable figure in masonry. 

The corner stone was laid by .lames Mercer, ( irand Mas- 
ter, assisted by Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia. 

La Fayette's signature can still be seen on the register, 
also that of his son, Geo. Washington LaFayette. A session 



CITY OF RICHMOND 



45 




OLD MASONIC TEMPLE 

of masons was held just after the evacuation, and 62 Federal 
soldiers attended. A ealvaryman forgot his sword which 
is still there. 

Richmond Parks. 



Of the fifteen parks in Richmond, Chimborazo park 
at the end of the Broad Street car line is the chief in point 
of interest. Here the United States weather bureau has 
its headquarters. 



46 GUIDE BOOK 

Near Chimborazo park is Libby Hill on the top of 

which stands the Soldiers and Sailors' monument. At the 
foot of this hill at the corner of Twentieth and Cary Streets 
stood the famous Libby prison, an old tobacco warehouse. 
Here November o, 1911, a bronze tablet four feet deep and 
two feet wide was unveiled, bearing this inscription: "On 
this sight stood Libby Prison, C. S. A., 1861-'65, for Federal 
Prisoners of War. Placed by Confederate Memorial 
Library Society. Libby prison was removed to Chicago" 
during the World's Fair of 1892. An ice plant now occupies 
the site of the old prison. 

Idlewood park, a summer resort, is reached by Main 
Street, and Broad and Main Street ears running west. 
It marks the terminus of the car lines. The city reservoir 
occupies a portion of this park and not far away is the pump 
house which regulates the supph r of water. 

Lake Side park, about seven miles North of Richmond, 
may be reached by trolley from First and Broad Streets 
North side. For Ginter Park cars leave from same point. 
Ginter Park is on the same line. 

Forest Hill park, another summer resort, may be reach- 
ed by trolley from Broad and Seventh Streets, South side. 



Richmond Blues' Armory. 

(East Marshall Street, corner Sixth.) 

Although the armory of the Richmond Light Infantry 
Blues is one of the most modern of Richmond's buildings, 
the organization itself is one of the oldest in the United States. 
Their first meeting was held in the old bell tower. The first 
service rendered was in 1800, when negro slaves whose leader 
was ( ten. Gabriel, planned to fire Richmond. The blues pro- 



CITY OF RICHMOND 47 

tected the city. Their new building is at the corner of Sixth 
and Marshall streets. 

The original company was organized in 1789, Captain 
William Richardson commanding. It was then called the 
Richmond Light Infantry. In 1793 the company was reor- 
ganized and became the Richmond Light Infantry Blues with 
Captain Richardson still in command. He remained at 
the head of the company for 20 years. The company has 
now held its organization for more than 120 years, and has 
ever occupied a prominent part in the military and social 
life of the Capitol. 

First Virginia Regiment Armory. 

The opening celebration of the First Virginia Regiment 
Armory was given May 29, 1914. 

The Drill Hall is 90 feet by 172 feet and has seating 
capacity of 6,540. The first floor contains company rooms, 
officers' quarters, company quartermasters' quarters, and 
lockers for four infantry companies, for a field hospital 
corps, signal corps, and a battalion hospital corps, besides 
offices for Major, Adjutant and Battalion Quartermaster. 
In the basement is the gymnasium, adjoining which are the 
locker rooms and shower baths. The Rifle Range is espe- 
cially unique. It has capacity of eight men shooting at once, 
and its concealed lighting, electric signals, range telephone, 
smoke exhaust fans, "sail shell" targets, movable shooting 
stand, observers platform, and steel lined room all serve to 
make it one of the best equipped indoor ranges in the country. 

The First Virginia Volunteers Infantry was organized 
May 1, 1851, in Richmond with Walter Gwynn as the first 
Colonel. In 1861 it was called out in defense of the State. 
It participated at the First Manassas, Falls Church, Seven 



48 GUIDE BOOK 

Pines, etc. It was reorganized in 1871, and participated 
in the Yorktown Centennial in 1881. 

The new building is Gothic Architecture, and has a 
military appearance. 

The Howitzers' Armory. 

The Howitzers' Armory on North Eighth Street and 
Gymnasium on North Seventh Street and Leigh. 

The Richmond Howitzers were first organized, Novem- 
ber, 1859, George W. Randolph of Richmond, Virginia, was 
the first Captain. The first service rendered by them was 
at Harper's Ferry, Va., where they were sent to aid in quel- 
ling the John Brown raid. 

The first meeting after the war was held across from the 
Post Office and they drilled with wooden guns. They had 
four brass field guns that were loaned by the government. 

They have two buildings, one a hall for drills, with 
office rooms, etc.; the other building is an athletic building 
and is equipped with swimming pool, baths, gymnasium and 
reading rooms. A park seperates the two buildings. 

Battlefields Around Richmond. 

For Seven Pines battlefield, take Clay Street cars 
bound South. In all the war the nearest field of actual 
battle to Richmond was Seven Pines or Fair Oaks, May 31, 
1862, when General Joseph E. Johnston struck the first blow 
to break General McClellan's grip on Richmond. In this 
battle Johnston was wounded and General Robert E. Lee 
took command of the Confederate forces, the place he 
was destined to hold all through the tremendous four 



CITY OF RICHMOND 49 

years struggle that followed. Following Seven Pines came 
a week of fighting in which McClellan was driven back 
to Malvern Hill and Harrison's Landing. Mechanicsville 
fought June 26th, followed the Seven Pines or Fair Oaks< 
fight, and then in rapid succession came the battles of Gaines' 
Mill, Savage's Station, Frazier's Farm, and Malvern Hill< 
where McClellan was able to repulse the Confederate attack. 
In the latter part of April, 1863, Colonel Dalghren's troopers 
of General Kilpatrick's cavalry approached within three 
miles of Richmond, but retired not being supported and 
not finding a ford where they expected one. The James 
was in flood and a couple of Dalghren's men were drowned 
in trying to cross the river at the place pointed out to them 
by their guide, a negro. Whereupon Colonel Dalghren 
hanged the negro to the highest tree at the highest point 
he could find, which place is now pointed out on the Gregory 
estate just beyond the Country Club. The battlefield of 
Yellow tavern in which General "Jeb" Stuart was killed is 
on the old Washington post road, although it may be reached 
by way of Ashland. Cars for Ashland leave Broad Street 
station opposite the Elba station of the R. F. and P. rail- 
road. Clay Street cars will carry tourists to the vicinity 
of Seven Pines battlefield. Trolly cars in South Richmond 
or trains from Byrd Street station connect with Petersburg 
and the battlfields around that city. 

R. E. Lee Statue. 

Located at the east end of Monument Avenue. 

Four models were submitted for this statue, but none 
were thought good enough. Mercie made a model which 
was accepted, receiving 90,000 francs for his work. 

On May 4, 1890, the Statue arrived in Richmond, and 



50 GUIDE H()()K 

on the 7th it was loaded on four wagons, and men. women 
and children hauled it to its pedestal. It was unveiled on 
May 30th by General Jos. E. Johnson. 

Jefferson Davis Monument. 

The cornci- stone was laid in 1896, and a design was 
submitted, but a change was made and it was 1907 before 
the present design was accepted. \Y. C. Xoland designed 
the monument and E. V. Valentine modeled the figure of 
Davis and the Allegorical figures. There are thirteen Doric 
columns which represent the eleven seceded States and the 

two which sent delegates to the Confederate Congress. 

The figure of Davis reached Richmond on April 18th 
and was drawn by 3,000 school children to the site on 
Monument Avenue. The monument was unveiled at the 
Confederate Reunion and presented to the ( 'ity on .June 3rd, 
1907. That date being the one hundredth anniversary of 
the birth of Davis. 

Y. M. C. A. 

The Young Men's Christian Association building is 
at Grace and Seventh Streets — elegant in its appointments. 

Y. W. C. A. 

The Young Women's Christian Association building 
is on Fifth Street, between Main and Franklin Streets, just 
erected and newly equipped. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 51 

Tredegar Iron Works. 

The Tredegar Iron works, established in 1836, are sit- 
uated at the south end of Fourth street at the foot of Gam- 
bles Hill. 

It was there that the iron for the sides of the Merrimac, 
the first iron clad war ship of the South, was made. 

The Marshall Street Viaduct. 

This Viaduct connects Church Hill with the main part 
of the city. It was completed in 1911, at a cost of half a 
million dollars. It is on Marshall street and extends from 
14th to 21st street, a distance of about half a mile. At the 
highest point it is ninety feet above the ground. It was 
built by the Richmond and Henrico Railway Co. 

Manchester. 

Manchester is the former name of South Richmond. 
When annexed in 1911, the name of Manchester was drop- 
ped officially, although the citizens of that section still refer 
to it by the old familiar name, but officially it is known as 
Washington ward. 

The Cemeteries. 

In the cemeteries in and around Richmond are buried 
many of the makers of American History. 

Hollywood (Cherry, between Spring and Albemarle 
Streets). This cemetery takes its name from the holly trees 
which abound here. It is one of the most beautiful spots in 
the South, and the view is magnificent. President Monroe 



52 GUIDE BOOK 

and President Tyler are buried here. A bronze statue 
marks the grave of Jefferson Davis and here are the graves 
of his wife and children. Over the grave of Winnie Davis 
stands the figure of an angel, carved in white marble, erected 
by the Daughters of the Confederacy. 

Fitzhugh Lee, soldier and statesman; "Jeb" Stuart, the 
great cavalry leader; General Pickett, who made the famous 
charge at Gettysburg; General Pegram, Commodore Maury, 
the former a famous Virginian soldier in the war of the Con- 
federacy and the latter one of the most famous naval officers 
in history are buried here. Commodore Maury was re- 
sponsible for the founding of the naval academy and his 
articles on maritime subjects and scientific matters were 
recognized as authoritative. It was he who gave Cyrus W. 
Field the idea of laying an Atlantic cable. It was Maury 
who marked out the routes or ocean highways for ships 
crossing and recrossing the ocean. He received a degree 
from Cambridge University and honors from many 
European nations as well as from the Emperor Maxmillan of 
Mexico in that Sovereign's brief reigu. John Randolph, 
"of Roanoke/' the famous orator, is buried here and many 
of Virginia's governors. The G inter mausoleum erected 
by Major Ginter of Richmond, and where his body now lies, 
is not the least interesting object in the cemetery while a 
giant pyramid erected by the Confederate Women's Associ- 
ation in 1869, marks the graves of 12,000 Confederate 
soldiers. This pyramid is built of rough blocks of Virginia 
granite and is 45 feet square at base and 90 feet high. 

Just a short distance to the W T est of the grave of William 
Smith, the first Governor of Virginia, are the two Elms or 
weeping willows which came from the grave of Napoleon at 
St. Helena. 

In Oakwood cemetery, at the end of Oakwood avenue, 



CITY OF RICHMOND 53 

are buried 16,000 Confederate soldiers. In Shockoe Hill, 
at the North end of Third Street, is buried the great John 
Marshall. Here, too, rest the Allans, from which family 
Edgar Allan Poe took his middle name, and the founders 
of the modern city, the men who made Richmond. Here, 
too, is buried that hero of the revolution, Peter Sanfrancisco, 
whose sword blade was five feet long and who could shoulder 
a cannon weighing 1100 pounds. His fight against nine 
of Tarletan's calvarymen is still recounted in the history 
of valiant deeds by Virginians. Here, too, is buried Miss 
Van Lew, the famous woman spy of the great war, who aided 
Federal soldiers to escape from Libby prison; Northern sym- 
pathizers have erected a tombstone of Roxbury pudding 
stone," over her grave, on the smoothe surface of which 
is a eulogy of her deeds. 

Two National cemeteries, one at Seven Pines, the 
other on the Williamsburg road at the corner of Govern- 
ment road, are the resting places for the Federal soldiers 
who fell in the fighting around Richmond. In the ceme- 
tery of St. John's church lie buried the oldest inhabitants. 
One grave, that of Robert Ross, first rector of the church 
bearing the date June 30, 1751. 

Between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets in Frank- 
lin Street is the sight of an ancient Jewish cemetery, the 
oldest in the United States. Over the gate that still stands 
is an inscription to this effect. Another Jewish cenmetery 
is situated near the City Home and Hospital Street and a 
third is close to Oakwood cemetery. On the outskirts of 
the city by the side of the James are Riverview and Cal- 
vary cemeteries, while in South Richmond is Maury cem- 
etery, where ruins of earthworks set up for batteries during 
the war may still be seen. 



54 GUIDE BOOK 

Statistics of the City. 

According to statistics furnished by the Richmond 
Chamber of Commerce the city, in 1913, shared in the 
almost unexampled prosperity of the nation during the pasl 
twelve months evidenced by the figures compiled from va- 
rious sources and covering every phase of the industrial life 
of the city. New business houses, new dwellings, new banks, 
new schools gave proof of the increased population and busi- 
ness — proof clinched by figures. There was scarcely a line 
of business or industry in the city that did not show larger 
sales, greater working force, and increased capacity. New 
banks were organized, attesting the fact that the business of 
others had increased to such an extent as to make additional 
facilities nescesary. Construction of more business houses, 
more factories and more dwellings inevitably followed the 
expansion of business. 

Nothing brings business to a city more quickly than 
the success of those already engaged in business in 1 hat com- 
munity. Nothing brings capital to a city more quickly 
than the presence of capital, working at a reasonable rate of 
interest. Nothing brings buyers to a city more quickly than 
the advertisement of the fad that buyers are coming. So, 
increases iu t he number of ma nufact uring and jobbing plant s, 
of the number of men employed, of capital invested, of an- 
nual sales, of banking facilities, of schools, of homes and of 
municipal improvements, such as witnessed in Richmond in 
1912, can not fail to have the effect of bringing about a still 
furt her increase dining the coining year under like conditions. 

Figures make dry reading, hut a few telling the 
story of Richmond's great industrial progress will not prove 
dry to those who like nothing so much as to find cause for 
boosting Richmond. The statistical history of the city's 



CITY OF RICHMOND 55 

growth is summed up as follows: More than 1900 manu- 
facturing plants with a capital of $36,000,000 were in opera- 
tion in 1913, whereas in 1911 these numbered but 1,871 with 
a capital of little more than $35,000,000. The annual sales 
from the factories of the city showed an increase of more 
than five and a half million dollars and of the jobbing houses 
an increase of nearly four million dollars. The manufacture 
of tobacco led all the rest, with the output of machine shops 
second, the total output for the two being valued at about 
$27,000,000. Of the jobbers, the grocers, confectioners and 
so forth led with more than $21,000,000, and the provision 
merchants came next with nearly $15,000,000 in sales. The 
total value of the construction begun in Richmond in 
1912 was six and one quarter million dollars, of which more 
than $800,000 was spent in the construction of warehouses. 
An increase of twenty thousand dollars for schools was 
shown and of five thousand dollars for hospitals. 

The greatest and possibly the most encouraging evi- 
dence of the city's growth is found in the increase in the 
number and cost of dwelling houses. In 1912 there were 
issued permits for 612 such buildings at a total cost of about 
$2,135,000. 

Richmond banking transactions have passed the 
half billion mark. The clearings during the year totalled 
$429,787,122.06 according to the statement issued by the 
secretary of the Clearing House Association. The increase 
for last year was $37,212,821.06. The average increase 
for the past ten years is $20,000,000 annually. 

The growth and progress of Richmond in the last decade 
is a source of self-congratulation to Richmond. The 
psat year showed that this progress is continuing and has 
shown no indications of doing aught else in the future. 



56 GUIDE BOOK 

The work done in the past is an earnest of the work to be 
done in the future. 

Facts. 

Richmond has 210 miles of Streets; her own Water Works, 
with a daily pump capacity of 34,000,000 gallons; her own 
Gas Plant, producing capacity of 4,000,000 cu. ft. daily. 

Richmond has a Locomotive Plant, turning out an en- 
gine each day of the year, the largest Machine Supply Com- 
pany, and does the second largest business in this line in the 
South. 

Richmond has the largest Woodenware factory in the 
world; the largest Extract Plants in the world; the largest 
Baking Powder factory in the world. 

Note that Richmond makes one-fourth of the cigarettes 
made in America or 2,400,000,000; that Richmond's tax rate 
is less than any municipality of equal population. 

Richmond has the largest Banking Facilities in the South; 
the largest Harness and Saddle factory in the South. 

Richmond has three of the largest Blotting Paper Plants 
in America, and 75 per cent, of the total output in made here. 

Richmond has one of the finest Country Clubs in Amer- 
ica; abundant and first class Street car facilities; unsur- 
passed railroad facilities -water transportation at its door. 

Richmond has hotel accommodations superior to any 
city of 300,000 population -excepting only Atlantic City. 

Richmond has superior school advantages, including 
manual t mining, commercial law, scientific, medical and 
ministerial courses; and is noted for its numerous churches 
and widespread religious activities. 



CITY OF RICHMOND 57 

Richmond has a concrete bridge across the James River 
that suggests to the lettered mind the Bridge of the Tibur 
at Rome. 

Richmond has 210 miles of Streets. 



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